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The following resources concerning Math, text descriptions, and images have been gathered from a variety of information made publicly available on the WWW. The items presented here are intended for edification only.
From the W3C (http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/)
:
The W3C has proposed a new (2.0) version of their Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), and also now host a MathML section (
http://www.w3.org/Math/) on their web site.
An online article by software company Design Science, "
Universal Design for Math Learning: Bridging the Technology and Policy Divide" addresses MathML and the NIMAS.
A press release posted to the Design Science web site concerns MathML and textbook adoptions:
Kentucky Promotes Use of MathML in Textbook Adoption
From NASA's MathTrax (
http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/mathtrax/)
:
From the web site: "MathTrax is a graphing tool for middle school and high school students to graph equations, physics simulations, or plot data files. The graphs have descriptions and sound so [users] can hear and read about the graph. Blind and low vision users can access visual math data and graph or experiment with equations and data sets." MathTrax works with screen readers and standard computer speakers (or headphones).
From PennState (
http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/accessibility/math.html)
:
Penn State's Creating Accessible Web Sites page provides guidelines for making equations and formulas accessible and includes a section on equations as text.
From the National Braille Association's Tape Recording Manual (
http://www.w3.org/2000/08/nba-manual/Overview.html)
:
The W3C hosts a web page of excerpts from the NBA's Tape Recording Manual "to provide instruction and examples to authors who are trying to describe complex images." Information includes tips and guidelines for illustrations, diagrams, maps, figures, tables, charts, and graphs.
From WGBH/NCAM (
http://ncam.wgbh.org/publications/adm/guideline_g.html)
:
WGBH's Accessible Digital Media pages includes guidelines for providing "access to scientific and mathematical expressions for all users with disabilities." They provide detailed information with each of the following math-related guidelines:
- Allow all expressions to be enlarged on screen.
- Ensure that users with visual impairments can read scientific and mathematical expressions and that users with visual impairments and with physical impairments can write expressions
- Use MathML to provide access to scientific and mathematical expressions
- Use LaTeX to provide access to scientific and mathematical expressions
- Use prerecorded audio to read static scientific and mathematical expressions
- Use concatenated speech strings for simple scientific and mathematical expressions
- Create scientific and mathematical expressions scripts using guidelines for spoken mathematics
The full Design Guidelines for Electronic Publications, Multimedia, and the Web may be accessed at the following link:
http://ncam.wgbh.org/publications/adm/index.html. The Guidelines may also be downloaded in zip format at the same URL.
NIMAS Content Conversion Services page (several developers listed provide accessible math products and services): http://nimas.cast.org/about/resources/conversion_services
Access Computing's article "Why is accessible math important?" may also be of interest. It is available at the following link:
http://www.washington.edu/accesscomputing/articles?3
The Education Resources Information Center's article "What Can I Use Tomorrow? Strategies for Accessible Math and Science Curriculum for Diverse Learners in Rural Schools" may be useful and is available in pdf format via the following link (the article's abstract is also posted):
http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED463109&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED463109